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13]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5f00\u652f\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d1f\u62c5<sup>[14, 15]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8bf1\u53d1\u540e\u7eed\u6cbb\u7597\u76f8\u5173\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u65ad\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u4eba\u7fa4\u8d34\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u201c\u75be\u75c5\u6807\u7b7e\u201d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5c31\u533b\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5176\u63a5\u53d7\u65e0\u83b7\u76ca\u6cbb\u7597\u5e76\u627f\u53d7\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u7126\u8651\u3001\u6291\u90c1\u7b49\u5fc3\u7406\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u53d7\u9650\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u6602\u6210\u672c<sup>[16, 17]<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u764c\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u201c\u764c\u75c7\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u7126\u8651\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5176\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u5177\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u635f\u5931\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a 55.45%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 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20]<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u51fa\u4e2d\u8d85 3000 \u4ebf\u5143\u7528\u4e8e\u6076\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u76f8\u5173\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u7ea6\u5360 20%-40%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8d85\u534a\u6570\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u670d\u52a1<sup>[3, 21]<\/sup>\u3002\u4ee52024\u5e74\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u5e74\uff0c\u6309\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u764c83.1%\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u65ad\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u7b97\uff0c\u7531\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6cbb\u7597\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d1f\u62c5\u7ea650\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u6211\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u603b\u8d39\u7528\u7684 0.55\u2030<sup>[22]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u533b\u7597\u8d1f\u62c5\u7ea6\u4e3a30\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u975e\u533b\u7597\u8d1f\u62c5\u7ea6\u4e3a2\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u533b\u7597\u8d1f\u62c5\u7ea6\u4e3a18\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u533b\u4fdd\u57fa\u91d1\u8d8b\u7d27\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8d44\u6e90\u5411\u4e2a\u522b\u9ad8\u53d1\u75c5\u79cd\u8fc7\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u536b\u751f\u4f53\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u533b\u4fdd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u603b\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<sup>[21, 22]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u80bf\u7624\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80bf\u7624\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u5177\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u8d2f\u7a7f\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u7528\u836f\u548c\u5e72\u9884\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u589e\u52a0\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u76d1\u6d4b\u96be\u5ea6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80bf\u7624\u75be\u75c5\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u96be\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76d1\u6d4b\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982 CT\u3001MRI 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4f9b\u9700\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e0e\u6fc0\u52b1\u9519\u4f4d\u653e\u5927\u8fc7\u5ea6\u884c\u4e3a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u533b\u60a3\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5929\u7136\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u638c\u63e1\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bca\u7597\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u533b\u751f\u5224\u65ad\u505a\u51fa\u8bca\u7597\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u9e3f\u6c9f\u4f7f\u60a3\u8005\u6613\u53d7\u533b\u751f\u5efa\u8bae\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u907f\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6307\u6807\u8003\u6838\u7b49\u5229\u76ca\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u533b\u751f\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u75c5\u7076\u65f6\u4ecd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u53d6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6536\u76ca\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u538b\u529b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf1\u5bfc\u201c\u4ee5\u91cf\u8865\u4ef7\u201d\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u673a\u6784\u5b58\u5728\u5938\u5927\u75be\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u6e32\u67d3\u4e0d\u826f\u9884\u540e\uff0c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7b5b\u67e5\u3001\u8f7b\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u201c\u764c\u75c7\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0b\u53c8\u5e38\u51fa\u4e8e\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u5185\u759a\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u201c\u6c42\u5fc3\u5b89\u5f0f\u201d\u8bca\u7597\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u653e\u5927\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e0e\u533b\u4fdd\u6fc0\u52b1\u9519\u914d\u589e\u52a0\u76d1\u7ba1\u96be\u5ea6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u4ecd\u8f83\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8def\u5f84\u6838\u67e5\u4e0e\u8d28\u91cf\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u548c\u533b\u751f\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u6548\u5236\u8861\u3002\u5728DRG\/DIP \u533b\u4fdd\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u9769\u524d\uff0c\u6309\u9879\u76ee\u4ed8\u8d39\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u6613\u8bf1\u53d1\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u3002\u533b\u4fdd\u6539\u9769\u540e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u904f\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u6709\u533b\u4fdd\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5408\u7406\u4f9b\u7ed9\u95f4\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6fc0\u52b1\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u91cd\u89c6\u80bf\u7624\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u80bf\u7624\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u52a8\u56e0\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u6240\u81f4\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6280\u672f\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u536b\u751f\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u4f9b\u65b9\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u8bca\u7597\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6709\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6f5c\u5728\u8d1f\u9762\u98ce\u9669\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u673a\u6784\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u9762\u4e34\u5b8f\u89c2\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u76ca\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u76ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u4eba\u7fa4\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u7b7e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9002\u914d\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001\u56fd\u5916\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e3e\u63aa\u53ca\u6210\u6548<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u9700\u4ece\u75be\u75c5\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u516c\u4f17\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u652f\u4ed8\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u540c\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u6fc0\u52b1\u7ea6\u675f\u5e76\u91cd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8c03\u6574\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u80bf\u7624\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u8ba2\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u60f0\u6027\u75c5\u53d8\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u5b9a\u4e49\u51cf\u5c11\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\u5982\u5c06\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u60f0\u6027\u75c5\u53d8\u4ece \u201c\u764c\u75c7\u201d\u4e2d\u5254\u9664\uff0c\u6539\u7528\u201c\u4e0a\u76ae\u6765\u6e90\u60f0\u6027\u75c5\u53d8\uff08IDLE\uff09\u201d\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u89c4\u907f\u75be\u75c5\u6807\u7b7e\u6548\u5e94\u5e76\u7f13\u89e3\u60a3\u8005\u6050\u614c\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7 1998 \u5e74\u5c06\u8180\u80f1\u4e73\u5934\u72b6\u7624\u548c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u764c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u201c\u4f4e\u5ea6\u6076\u6027\u6f5c\u80fd\u4e73\u5934\u72b6\u5c3f\u8def\u4e0a\u76ae\u80bf\u7624\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u6cbb\u7597\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u30022017\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u764c\u534f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u6307\u5357\u5c06\u201c\u5305\u88f9\u578b\u6ee4\u6ce1\u578b\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u4e73\u5934\u72b6\u764c\uff08EFVPTC\uff09\u201d\u6b63\u5f0f\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a \u201c\u5e26\u4e73\u5934\u72b6\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u975e\u4fb5\u88ad\u6027\u6ee4\u6ce1\u578b\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u80bf\u7624\uff08NIFTP\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u80bf\u7624\u6076\u6027\u6f5c\u80fd\u6781\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u60a3\u8005\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u5e38\u89c4\u624b\u672f\u3001\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ed3\u6e05\u626b\u6216\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7898\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u53d1\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e3b\u52a8\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5ba1\u614e\u7b5b\u67e5\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u60f0\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u63a8\u884c\u4e3b\u52a8\u76d1\u6d4b\uff08Active Surveillance\uff09\u9010\u6b65\u6210\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u524d\u5217\u817a\u764c\u3001\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u5fae\u5c0f\u4e73\u5934\u72b6\u764c\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5b9a\u671f\u5f71\u50cf\u968f\u8bbf\u66ff\u4ee3\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u5728\u4fdd\u969c\u533b\u7597\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6cbb\u7597\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u524d\u5217\u817a\u764c\u60a3\u8005\u4e3b\u52a8\u76d1\u6d4b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fbe 40%\u201359%<sup>[26]<\/sup>\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e3b\u52a8\u76d1\u6d4b\u7ec4\u4e0e\u624b\u672f\u5e72\u9884\u7ec4\u957f\u671f\u590d\u53d1\u7387\u65e0\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7b5b\u67e5\u7b56\u7565\u4f18\u5316\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a7f\u523a\u6d3b\u68c0\u9608\u503c\u3001\u5ef6\u957f\u7b5b\u67e5\u95f4\u9694\u3001\u9650\u5b9a\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4eba\u7fa4\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u6d3b\u68c0\u4e0e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u65ad<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u63a8\u8fdb\u201c\u660e\u667a\u9009\u62e9\u201d\uff08Choosing Wisely\uff09\u5021\u8bae<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u53d1\u8d77\u201c\u660e\u667a\u9009\u62e9\u201d\uff08Choosing Wisely\uff09\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u4e8e\u7531\u5404\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u5e03\u201c\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u4f4e\u4ef7\u503c\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u533b\u751f\u4e3b\u52a8\u89c4\u907f\u65e0\u6548\u8bca\u7597\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u5021\u5bfc\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8bca\u7597\u5e72\u9884\u524d\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u533b\u751f\u8be2\u95ee\u4e94\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<em>\u201c<\/em><em>\u6211\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u9879\u68c0\u67e5\u6216\u8bca\u7597\uff1f\u8bca\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6216\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1f\u82e5\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u533b\u7597\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/em><em>\u201d<\/em>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u533b\u60a3\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u533b\u7597\u884c\u4e3a<sup>[29-31]<\/sup>\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u533b\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u5171\u8bc6\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u9762\u4e34\u5de8\u5927\u6311\u6218 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u80bf\u7624\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Tumor Board\uff09<sup>[32]<\/sup>\u5df2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u764c\u75c7\u8bca\u7597\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u73af\u8282\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u3002\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u7531\u80bf\u7624\u5916\u79d1\u3001\u80bf\u7624\u5185\u79d1\u3001\u5f71\u50cf\u79d1\u3001\u75c5\u7406\u79d1\u3001\u653e\u7597\u79d1\u7b49\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7591\u96be\u75c5\u4f8b\u6216\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u8bca\u7597\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5176\u521d\u8877\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u590d\u6742\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8bc4\u4f30\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u56e0\u5355\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u4f4e\u4ef7\u503c\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u56db\uff09\u533b\u4fdd\u652f\u4ed8\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u7ee9\u6548\u6fc0\u52b1\u5236\u5ea6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u533b\u4fdd\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0e\u6fc0\u52b1\u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8c03\u6574\u533b\u7597\u4f9b\u65b9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6760\u6746\uff1a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5bf9\u7597\u6548\u4e0d\u4f18\u4e8e\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u7684\u810a\u690e\u6210\u5f62\u672f\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u8d44\u91d1\u8986\u76d6\uff1b\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u533b\u4fdd\u62a5\u9500\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4eba\u7fa4\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u9002\u5e94\u75c7\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d23\u4efb\u533b\u7597\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08ACOs\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u63a8\u884c\u6346\u7ed1\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0e\u603b\u989d\u9884\u4ed8\uff0c\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u98ce\u9669\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u6fc0\u52b1\u5176\u4e3b\u52a8\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u4f4e\u4ef7\u503c\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<sup>[33]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u542f\u793a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u56fd\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u80bf\u7624\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u5f00\u5c55\u6709\u76ca\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6df1\u5316\u533b\u4fdd\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u533b\u4fdd\u5c40\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u884c DRG\/DIP \u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u9769\u3001\u836f\u54c1\u8017\u6750\u96c6\u4e2d\u91c7\u8d2d\u7b49\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u5207\u65ad\u8bca\u7597\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u533b\u4fdd\u57fa\u91d1\u6d6a\u8d39\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u904f\u5236\u4e86\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u52bf\u5934\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5b8c\u5584\u8bca\u7597\u6307\u5357\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\u59d4\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6301\u7eed\u7275\u5934\u9488\u5bf9\u5404\u764c\u79cd\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u4fee\u8ba2\u8bca\u7597\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u80bf\u7624\u7684\u8bca\u7597\u5e72\u9884\u4e0e\u968f\u8bbf\u7ba1\u7406\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e34\u5e8a\u8def\u5f84\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e38\u89c1\u80bf\u7624\u75c5\u79cd\u5236\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8bca\u7597\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u8bca\u7597\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u4ecd\u9762\u4e34\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u60ef\u6027\u7b49\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6211\u56fd\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u53ef\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u9762\u7cbe\u51c6\u53d1\u529b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u65b9\u534f\u540c\u7684\u80bf\u7624\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u6cbb\u7406\u751f\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u63a8\u8fdb\u66f4\u65b0\u6307\u5357\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u7b5b\u67e5\u7b56\u7565<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u80bf\u7624\u8bca\u7597\u6307\u5357\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7ec4\u5efa\u7531\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u60a3\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8bc4\u5ba1\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5f00\u5c55\u4eba\u7fa4\u961f\u5217\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u6700\u65b0\u5faa\u8bc1\u533b\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u75be\u75c5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u8bca\u65ad\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u60f0\u6027\u75c5\u53d8\u9010\u6b65\u4ece\u201c\u764c\u75c7\u201d\u8303\u7574\u5265\u79bb\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u75be\u75c5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6269\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u89c4\u8303\u5176\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f<sup>[34, 35]<\/sup>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5f00\u5c55\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u80bf\u7624\u7b5b\u67e5\u7b56\u7565\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u4e0d\u540c\u98ce\u9669\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u7b5b\u67e5\u95f4\u9694\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u624b\u6bb5\u53ca\u6d3b\u68c0\u6307\u5f81\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u8d28\u63a7\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u68c0\u7b5b\u67e5\uff1b\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u671f\u80bf\u7624\u5236\u5b9a\u9636\u68af\u5f0f\u8bca\u7597\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f4e\u5371\u60a3\u8005\u4f18\u5148\u63a8\u8350\u4e3b\u52a8\u76d1\u6d4b\u6216\u5fae\u521b\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u5e72\u9884\uff08\u5982\u624b\u672f\u7b49\uff09<sup>[36]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5065\u5eb7\u5927\u6570\u636e\u8d4b\u80fd\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u6784\u5efa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u5065\u5eb7\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u533b\u4fdd\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7edf\u7b79\u5e73\u53f0\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8de8\u673a\u6784\u3001\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u6570\u636e\u4e92\u8054\u4e92\u901a<sup>[37]<\/sup>\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u80bf\u7624\u8bca\u7597\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u76d1\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u67e5\u9891\u6b21\u3001\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u7b49\u8bd5\u70b9\u63a2\u7d22\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0e\u9884\u8b66\uff1b\u6784\u5efa\u5168\u5468\u671f\u7597\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u60a3\u8005\u957f\u671f\u9884\u540e\u6570\u636e\u53cd\u5411\u6838\u67e5\u8bca\u7597\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff1b\u4f9d\u6258\u533b\u7597\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u73b0\u533b\u4fdd\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0e\u8bca\u7597\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u8054\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u76d1\u7ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u7834\u89e3\u76d1\u7ba1\u6ede\u540e\u96be\u9898\uff1b\u5efa\u7acb\u7531\u80bf\u7624\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6307\u5357\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u533b\u4fdd\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ec4\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u8d4b\u80fd\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u5355\u4f4d\u5f00\u5c55\u5b9a\u671f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u98de\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7763\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u5065\u5eb7\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e0e\u516c\u4f17\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u591a\u65b9\u5171\u6cbb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f00\u5c55\u5168\u6c11\u80bf\u7624\u5065\u5eb7\u7d20\u517b\u63d0\u5347\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u5a01\u79d1\u666e\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u5ba3\u4f20\u680f\u3001\u793e\u533a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u4ee5\u53ca\u878d\u5a92\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b49\u591a\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u666e\u53ca\u80bf\u7624\u8bca\u7597\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u7ea0\u6b63\u5982\u201c\u764c\u75c7\u7b49\u540c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u591a\u6cbb\u7597\u591a\u83b7\u76ca\u201d\u7b49\u516c\u4f17\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u57f9\u80b2\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u7b5b\u67e5\u3001\u7406\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u201d\u7684\u5c31\u533b\u7406\u5ff5<sup>[38]<\/sup>\u3002\u5f15\u5bfc\u6784\u5efa\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u533b\u60a3\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5c31\u533b\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u53ef\u5f15\u5165\u5982\u201c\u660e\u667a\u9009\u62e9\u201d\uff08Choosing Wisely\uff09\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u533b\u60a3\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u7545\u901a\u6c9f\u901a\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u533b\u7597\u7ea0\u7eb7\u591a\u5143\u5316\u89e3\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u533b\u7597\u6cbb\u7406\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u533b\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u5b9e\u65bd\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u533b\u7597\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u673a<sup>[30, 31]<\/sup>\u3002\u652f\u6301\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u79d1\u6280\u4f01\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u53d1AI\u8f85\u52a9\u8bca\u7597\u4e0e\u51b3\u7b56\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b\u533b\u751f\u8d1f\u8377\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u8bca\u7597\u89c4\u8303\u6027\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u57fa\u5c42\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u9662\u6240\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u3001\u60a3\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u793e\u533a\u4e0e\u5a92\u4f53\u7b49\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5171\u6cbb\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u80bf\u7624\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u534f\u540c\u6cbb\u7406\u683c\u5c40<sup>[39]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u56db\uff09\u63a8\u52a8\u533b\u60a3\u5171\u4eab\u51b3\u7b56\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u843d\u5730<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u533b\u60a3\u95f4\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u4e0e\u533b\u60a3\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u7b56\u662f\u7f13\u89e3\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bca\u7597\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282\u548c\u6b65\u9aa4<sup>[29, 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