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2\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u533b\u9662\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u62e9\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u745e\u5178\u3001\u8377\u5170\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u7b498\u4e2a\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u96c7\u4f63\u533b\u751f\uff08\u540e\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u53d7\u8058\u533b\u751f\u201d\uff09\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u85aa\u916c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u85aa\u916c\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u85aa\u916c\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u85aa\u916c\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 <\/strong>\u85aa\u916c\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u85aa\u916c\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u6c34\u5e73\u901a\u5e38\u9ad8\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u81ea\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u533b\u751f\u7684\u9ad8<\/strong>\u201c<\/strong>\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u201d\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u7c7b\u798f\u7949\/\u6548\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5728\u6267\u4e1a\u524d\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u5468\u671f\uff08\u5305\u62ec5\u5e74\u9662\u6821\u57f9\u517b\u30011-3\u5e74\u4f4f\u9662\u533b\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\u30012-5\u5e74\u4e13\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u5168\u7a0b\u5468\u671f\u5927\u591a\u572810-13\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3[5]<\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u804c\u540e\u9700\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u77e5\u8bc6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e1a4-7\u5e74\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5c31\u804c\u5e74\u9f84\u8f83\u665a\uff0c\u524d\u671f\u6295\u5165\u9ad8\uff0c\u6545\u533b\u751f\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u201d\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9ad8\u4ef7\u503c\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u7684\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u85aa\u916c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u9ad8\u85aa\u916c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u666e\u904d\u505a\u6cd5[6]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u53ef\u53ca\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u3002<\/strong>\u4e00\u822c\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ef7\u683c\uff08\u85aa\u916c\uff09\u53d7\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u6210\u672c\u53ca\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4f9b\u9700\u5173\u7cfb\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd8\u662f\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u53ef\u53ca\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u533b\u751f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u533a\u57df\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u533b\u751f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u5dee\u5f02\u5e94\u8be5\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u79d1\u5ba4\u95f4\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u4f53\u7cfb\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u85aa\u916c\u66f4\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u5386\uff0c\u6267\u4e1a\u5730\u70b9\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f[7]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u5e94\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7a33\u4e2d\u6709\u5347\u3002\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53ca\u533b\u751f\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u201d\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u6210\u672c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u8f83\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u5e73\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u85aa\u916c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u673a\u6784\u62e5\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7b79\u8d44\u3002<\/strong>\u5f53\u524d\u533b\u9662\u6536\u5165\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u5e9c\u6295\u5165\u3001\u533b\u4fdd\u8865\u507f\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u652f\u4ed8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u533b\u4fdd\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u652f\u4ed8\u4e2d\u7684\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u975e\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u8017\u6750\u7b49\uff09\u662f\u533b\u9662\u53ef\u652f\u914d\u6536\u5165\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u6301\u533b\u9662\u7b79\u8d44\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8d22\u653f\u6295\u5165\u548c\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u6536\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c<\/strong>\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u589e\u901f\u5e94\u4e0e\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5728\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u72ec\u7acb\u6838\u7b97\u3001\u81ea\u8d1f\u76c8\u4e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u6784\u95f4\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u5f02\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u7b79\u8d44\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e14\u5dee\u5f02\u5927\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5141\u8bb8\u201d\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u4e34\u8f83\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 <\/strong>\u85aa\u916c\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u85aa\u916c\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\uff08Salary\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u652f\u4ed8\u5236\uff08Fee for service, FFS\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6309\u4eba\u5934\u652f\u4ed8\u5236\uff08Capitation\uff0cCAP\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u85aa\u916c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u91c7\u53d6\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u652f\u4ed8\u5236\u5219\u662f\u6d6e\u52a8\u85aa\u916c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6309\u7ee9\u6548\u652f\u4ed8\uff08Pay for performance\uff0cP4P\uff09\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u652f\u4ed8\uff08Mixed payment\uff09\u7b49\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u85aa\u916c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff1b<\/strong>\u79c1\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u6309\u670d\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u5176\u6c34\u5e73\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u533b\u751f\u7684\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u7531\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u6d25\u8d34\u6216\u5956\u91d1\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u85aa\u916c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e26\u85aa\u4f11\u5047\u7b49\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u578b\u85aa\u916c\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u53d7\u96c7\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08<\/strong>NHS<\/strong>\uff09\u7684\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u5de5\u8d44\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/strong>\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6267\u4e1a\u7684\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u4e2d75%\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e3a\u6309\u4eba\u5934\u4ed8\u8d39\u6536\u5165\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u670925%\u4e3a\u6309\u7ee9\u6548\u6536\u5165\uff1b\u4e14\u81ea\u7531\u6267\u4e1a\u8005\u8f6c\u4e3a\u53d7\u96c7\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u7ee9\u6548\u90e8\u5206\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u65e5\u76ca\u660e\u663e<\/strong>[9]<\/sup>\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u533b\u751f\u4eab\u53d7\u514d\u8d39\u793e\u4f1a\u533b\u7597\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u7075\u6d3b\u4e0a\u73ed\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4ea7\u5047\u53ca\u80b2\u513f\u5047\u3001\u5e26\u85aa\u4f11\u5047\u3001\u5e26\u85aa\u75c5\u5047\u7b49\u975e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u85aa\u916c[10]<\/sup>\u3002\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/strong>\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u798f\u5229\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5de5\u8d44\u662f\u6536\u5165\u4e3b\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u76f4\u63a5\u62e8\u6b3e[11]<\/sup>\u3002\u745e\u5178\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u5df4\u897f<\/strong>\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u5747\u7531\u5360\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u5360\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5956\u91d1\u3001\u6d25\u8d34\u7b49\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5956\u91d1\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7ee9\u6548\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6d25\u8d34\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u73ed\u6d25\u8d34\u3001\u8270\u82e6\u5730\u533a\u6d25\u8d34\u3001\u4e13\u79d1\u6d25\u8d34\u7b49[12-14]<\/sup>\u3002<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 <\/strong>\u85aa\u916c\u6c34\u5e73<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u6545\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u533b\u751f\u6536\u5165\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5168\u884c\u4e1a\u5e73\u5747\u6536\u5165\uff08\u540e\u7b80\u79f0<\/strong>\u201c<\/strong>\u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d44<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u8861\u91cf\u533b\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0<\/strong>8<\/strong>\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u6536\u5165\u5747\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e3a\u793e\u5e73\u6536\u5165\u7684<\/strong>1.5-4<\/strong>\u500d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e13\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u3002<\/strong>\u6839\u636e2023\u5e74OECD\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd<\/strong>\u53d7\u85aa\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u6536\u5165\u7ea6\u4e3a\u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d441.8\u500d\uff0c\u53d7\u85aa\u4e13\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7ea6\u4e3a3.3\u500d\u3002\u745e\u5178<\/strong>\u53d7\u85aa\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u6536\u5165\u7ea6\u4e3a\u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d44\u76842.3\u500d\uff0c\u53d7\u85aa\u4e13\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u4e3a2.2\u500d[15]<\/sup>\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/strong>\u533b\u751f\u6536\u5165\u7ea6\u4e3a\u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d44\u76843\u500d[10]<\/sup>\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5761<\/strong>\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u7ea6\u4e3a\u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d44\u76842.3\u500d\uff0c\u4e13\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u7ea6\u4e3a3.6\u500d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u660e\u786e\u57282023-2025\u5e74\u4e0a\u8c03\u533b\u7597\u4eba\u5458\u85aa\u8d44[16]<\/sup>\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u9644\u5c5e\u533b\u9662\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a1.4\u500d\uff09[17]<\/sup>\u3002\u5df4\u897f\u533b\u751f\u6536\u5165\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u76843-4\u500d[18]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 <\/strong>\u85aa\u916c\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u3001\u533b\u9662\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f9b\u7ed9\u548c\u533a\u57df\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u85aa\u916c\u4f53\u7cfb\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5982\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u85aa\u916c\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u53d1\u5e03\u85aa\u916c\u6307\u5bfc\u7ebf\u3001\u63a8\u8fdb\u85aa\u916c\u4f53\u7cfb\u6539\u9769\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u6846\u67b6\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u4e0e\u533b\u7597\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5404\u7ea7\u522b\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u85aa\u916c\u6c34\u5e73\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u6709\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5de5\u8d44\u6839\u636e\u85aa\u7ea7\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u7edf\u4e00\u62e8\u4ed8[19]<\/sup>\u3002\u5df4\u897f\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u4efb\u804c\u533b\u751f\u7684\u85aa\u8d44\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u5e9c\u9884\u7b97\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u6c34\u5e73\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u9884\u7b97\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5927[20]<\/sup>\u3002\u9664\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6216\u533b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u533b\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u533b\u7597\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224<\/strong>\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u4ef7\u683c\u7b49[21]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5982\u8377\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\uff08LHV\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08BMA\uff09\u3001\u745e\u5178\u533b\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\uff08SMA\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5404\u56fd\u5728\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u68af\u5ea6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u5206\u914d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u533b\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u804c\u4f4d\u3001\u804c\u79f0\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u6267\u4e1a\u5730\u533a\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u533b\u751f\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u533b\u751f\u4ece\u4e1a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5730\u533a\u504f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5ea6[19]<\/sup>\u3002\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u533b\u7597\u8865\u52a9\uff08Medicare Benefit\uff09\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4ed8\u533b\u7597\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90[22]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u8865\u52a9\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u5e9c\u533b\u7597\u770b\u62a4\u8865\u8d34\u8ba1\u5212\uff08MSAC\uff09\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u62e8\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u7b7e\u7ea6\u670d\u52a1\u91cf\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u6548\u679c\u6302\u94a9[11]<\/sup>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6839\u636e\u5730\u533a\u504f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4ece\u533b\u5e74\u9650\uff0c\u4e3a\u533b\u751f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8865\u52a9\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6fc0\u52b1\u8ba1\u5212\uff08WIP\uff09\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6fc0\u52b1\u8ba1\u5212\uff08PIP\uff09\u7b49\u6fc0\u52b1\u9879\u76ee[23]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.5 <\/strong>\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u533b\u751f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff0c\u5bf9\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u6548\u7387\u7b49\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u60c5\u51b5\u4ea7\u751f\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/strong>\u5f71\u54cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6309\u670d\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u6309\u7ee9\u6548\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0b\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u5f97\u85aa\u916c\u7684\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u4e0b\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u5f31\uff0c\u6309\u4eba\u5934\u4ed8\u8d39\u4e0b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u3002<\/strong>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6bd4\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u4e0e\u79c1\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u6309\u9879\u76ee\u652f\u4ed8\u5236\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d88\u9664\u533b\u751f\u9009\u62e9\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u6309\u670d\u52a1\u4ed8\u8d39\u5236\u5219\u5bfc\u81f4\u533b\u751f\u663e\u8457\u504f\u5411\u6cbb\u7597\u77ed\u671f\u4f4f\u9662\u60a3\u8005<\/strong>[24]<\/sup>\u3002\u6309\u7ee9\u6548\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c1a\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u6fc0\u52b1\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5360\u6bd4\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/strong>\u632a\u5a01\u5b66\u8005\u8bc4\u4f30\u516c\u5171\u7259\u79d1\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u5de5\u8d44+\u6309\u4eba\u5934\u4ed8\u8d39\uff09\u5bf9\u60a3\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\uff08\u9f8b\u9f7f\u6cbb\u7597\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6cbb\u7597\u6210\u672c[25]<\/sup>\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u521d\u7ea7\u536b\u751f\u4fdd\u5065\u7ee9\u6548\u652f\u4ed8\u8ba1\u5212\uff08QOF\uff09\u8bc4\u4f30\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7ee9\u6548\u652f\u4ed8\u8ba1\u5212\u5bf9\u8840\u538b\u76d1\u6d4b\u63a7\u5236\u53ca\u6cbb\u7597\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7b49\u65e0\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd[26]<\/sup>\uff1b\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u56fa\u5b9a\u5de5\u8d44+\u7ee9\u6548\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f4f\u9662\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u957f\uff0c\u4f4f\u9662\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5065\u5eb7\u6536\u76ca\uff08\u518d\u5165\u9662\u7387\u672a\u964d\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u8d28\u91cf\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6743\u8861[27]<\/sup>\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u652f\u4ed8\u5236\u3001\u4eba\u5934\u652f\u4ed8\u5236\u7b49\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u7684<\/strong>\u201c<\/strong>\u5de5\u8d44<\/strong>+<\/strong>\u7ee9\u6548<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>\u6df7\u5408\u652f\u4ed8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u5e73\u8861\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6210\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1 <\/strong>\u4f18\u5316\u85aa\u916c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u56fa\u5b9a\u6536\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u85aa\u916c\u5236\uff0c\u5f31\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6fc0\u52b1\u5bfc\u5411<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u533b\u751f\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ee9\u6548\u5de5\u8d44\u5360\u6bd4\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u8ffd\u6c42\u7ee9\u6548\u6307\u6807\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u5ea6\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u745e\u5178\uff09\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u533b\u7597\u516c\u76ca\u6027\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u9010\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u5360\u6bd4\u81f360%-80%\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u201c\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u8d44+\u6709\u9650\u7ee9\u6548\u201d\u6216\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u8d44+\u5c0f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7ee9\u6548\u5956\u91d1\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u7ee9\u6548\u5956\u91d1\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u6536\u5165\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6302\u94a9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u85aa\u916c\u8d44\u91d1\u4f18\u5148\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u6536\u5165\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u5458\u5956\u52b1\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u8865\u5145\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u907f\u514d\u7ee9\u6548\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u9010\u5229\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2 <\/strong>\u6784\u5efa\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u8865\u507f\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u5c97\u4f4d\u85aa\u916c\u5dee\u8ddd<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u5448\u73b0\u663e\u8457\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u5c97\u4f4d\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u533b\u751f\u5e74\u5747\u85aa\u916c5-35\u4e07\u5143\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u513f\u79d1\u3001\u5168\u79d1\u7b49\u5c97\u4f4d\u6536\u5165\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u897f\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u79bb\u804c\u610f\u613f\u7387\u8d8533%\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0[28]<\/sup>\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5bf9\u6781\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u533b\u751f\u9996\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u8865\u8d342.5\u4e07\u6fb3\u5143\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5e74\u9650\u7d2f\u8fdb\u5956\u52b1[29]<\/sup>\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u6839\u636e\u6267\u4e1a\u5730\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u5206\u5e03\u5236\u5b9a\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u85aa\u8d44\u6807\u51c6[19]<\/sup>\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u57fa\u7840\u85aa\u916c+\u533a\u57df\u8865\u8d34+\u5c97\u4f4d\u7cfb\u6570\u201d\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u8865\u507f\u4f53\u7cfb\uff1a\u6309\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\u7d27\u7f3a\u5ea6\u8bbe\u7f6e3-5\u7ea7\u533a\u57df\u8865\u8d34\uff08\u5982\u897f\u90e8\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e20%-30%\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u8865\u8d34\u3001\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u53ef\u4f9d\u636e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u8bbe\u7f6e\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u6d25\u8d34\u548c\u8270\u82e6\u6d25\u8d34\uff09\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u6ee15\u5e74\u8865\u8d34\u7ffb\u500d\uff1b\u5bf9\u513f\u79d1\u3001\u6025\u8bca\u7b49\u5c97\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e1.2-1.5\u500d\u7684\u5c97\u4f4d\u7cfb\u6570\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u4fdd\u969c\u57fa\u5c42\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u533b\u9662\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.3 <\/strong>\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u591a\u5143\u534f\u5546\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f53\u7cfb<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u85aa\u916c\u6807\u51c6\u7531\u5404\u673a\u6784\u81ea\u4e3b\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7edf\u4e00\u6846\u67b6\u5bfc\u81f4\u540c\u804c\u79f0\u533b\u751f\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u8ddd\u53ef\u8fbe2\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\u534f\u5546\u5236\u5b9a\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u6846\u67b6[19]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u4e09\u65b9\u8c08\u5224\u786e\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u6807\u51c6[21]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u85aa\u916c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u63a2\u7d22\u6784\u5efa\u7531\u536b\u5065\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u533b\u4fdd\u5c40\u3001\u4eba\u793e\u90e8\u3001\u533b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\u3001\u533b\u9662\u4ee3\u8868\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u5bf9\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u85aa\u916c\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6bcf2\u5e74\u8c03\u6574\u4e00\u6b21\u85aa\u916c\u57fa\u51c6\u7ebf\u5e76\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5f00\u3002\u7ee9\u6548\u8003\u6838\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6307\u6807\u6743\u91cd\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u768460%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u964d\u81f330%\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u60a3\u8005\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ed3\u5c40\uff08\u5982\u5e76\u53d1\u75c7\u7387\uff09\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7ba1\u7406\u6210\u6548\u7b49\u8d28\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u53ca\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8bc4\u4f30\u673a\u6784\u5f00\u5c55\u8003\u6838\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.4 <\/strong>\u52a0\u5f3a\u8d22\u653f\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u957f\u671f\u804c\u4e1a\u6fc0\u52b1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u673a\u6784\u7b79\u8d44\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u6709\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u72ec\u7acb\u6838\u7b97\u3001\u81ea\u8d1f\u76c8\u4e8f\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5316\u8fd0\u8425\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u85aa\u916c\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u8c03\u6574\u4ef7\u683c\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u533b\u9662\u7684\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u6536\u5165\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u4e0e\u7701\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u5171\u540c\u627f\u62c5\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u533b\u7597\u770b\u62a4\u8865\u8d34\u8ba1\u5212\u4e3a\u533b\u7597\u8865\u52a9\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f4\u63a5\u62e8\u6b3e[22]<\/sup>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u85aa\u916c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u843d\u5730\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d22\u653f\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u6295\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u652f\u4ed8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u5b9a\u589e\u5e45\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u59828%\uff09\uff1b\u63a8\u8fdb\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u6536\u8d39\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u533b\u9662\u6536\u5165\u4e2d\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u6536\u5165\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff1b\u63a2\u7d22\u6784\u5efa\u591a\u5143\u5316\u804c\u4e1a\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u4f4f\u623f\u8865\u8d34\u3001\u5b50\u5973\u6559\u80b2\u4f18\u5148\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u8d44\u52a9\u7b49\u7eb3\u5165\u85aa\u916c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fdd\u969c+\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9644\u8868 \u5404\u56fd\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6\u7279\u70b9\u6574\u7406<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u56fd\u5bb6<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u85aa\u916c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u85aa\u916c\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u85aa\u916c\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u4e0e\u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d44\u6bd4\u503c\u3001<\/strong>2011-2021<\/strong>\u85aa\u916c\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\uff09\u53ca\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u85aa\u916c\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>\u85aa\u916c\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u82f1\u56fd<\/strong>[9,15,30]<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>NHS\u96c7\u4f63\u533b\u751f\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u8d44\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff1b\u81ea\u7531\u804c\u4e1a\u8005\uff1a\u6309\u4eba\u5934\u652f\u4ed8\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5360\u6bd4>70%<\/td>\u673a\u6784\u53d7\u85aa\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a\u5168\u79d11.8\u500d\/\u4e13\u79d13.3\u500d\uff1b\u81ea\u96c7\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a3.4\u500d \u589e\u957f\u7387\uff08\u53d7\u85aa\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u79d1-0.3%\/\u4e13\u79d1-0.7%
\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u9884\u7b97<\/td>		\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u90e8\u5206\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08BMA\uff09\u53c2\u4e0e\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7ee9\u6548\u6307\u6807\u7b49<\/td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u8d44\uff1a\u5e74\u8d44\u3001\u7ea7\u522b\u3001\u4ece\u4e1a\u5730\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5730\u533a\u504f\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u745e\u5178<\/strong>[14,15,17,31-33]<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u533b\u751f\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u8d44\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff1b\u79c1\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u533b\u751f\uff1a\u6309\u670d\u52a1\u91cf\u652f\u4ed8\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5360\u6bd4>80%<\/td>\u673a\u6784\u53d7\u85aa\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a\u5168\u79d12.3\u500d\/\u4e13\u79d12.2\u500d \u589e\u957f\u7387\uff08\u53d7\u85aa\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u79d10.3%\/\u4e13\u79d10.1%
\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u9884\u7b97<\/td>		\u52b3\u8d44\u8c08\u5224\uff1b\u745e\u5178\u533b\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\uff08SMA\uff09\u4e0e\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5e74\u5ea6\u5de5\u8d44\u5ba1\u67e5<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
\u8377\u5170<\/strong>[15,21]<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\u673a\u6784\u96c7\u4f63\u533b\u751f\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u8d44\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\u673a\u6784\u53d7\u85aa\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a\u5168\u79d12.2\u500d\/\u4e13\u79d13.2\u500d\uff1b\u81ea\u96c7\u533b\u751f\/\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a\u5168\u79d12.5\u500d\/\u4e13\u79d13.3\u500d \u589e\u957f\u7387\uff08\u53d7\u85aa\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u79d10.8%\/\u4e13\u79d1-0.6%<\/td>\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u4ef7\u683c\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u8377\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u5e08\u534f\u4f1a\uff08LHV\uff09\u534f\u5546\u4ef7\u683c\u5236\u5b9a<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/strong>[10,15,34-36]<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>4\u79cd\u85aa\u916c\u6a21\u5f0f\u6df7\u5408<\/td>\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u85aa\u916c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u916c\u5360\u6bd4\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u522b<\/td>\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a3\u500d\uff1b\u81ea\u96c7\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a\u5168\u79d12.7\u500d\/\u4e13\u79d14.2\u500d \u589e\u957f\u7387\uff08\u81ea\u96c7\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u79d10.3%\/\u4e13\u79d1-0.1%<\/td>\u52b3\u8d44\u8c08\u5224<\/td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u85aa\u8d44\uff1a\u5e74\u8d44\u3001\u7ea7\u522b\u3001\u4ece\u4e1a\u5730\u7279\u5f81\u7b49\uff1b\u7ee9\u6548\u85aa\u8d44\uff1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u76ca\u3001\u533b\u7597\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u60a3\u8005\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf<\/td><\/tr>
\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a<\/strong>[11,15,37]<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\u6df7\u5408\u652f\u4ed8\u673a\u5236<\/td>\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\u81ea\u96c7\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a\u5168\u79d11.7\u500d\/\u4e13\u79d13.8\u500d \u589e\u957f\u7387\uff08\u81ea\u96c7\uff09\uff1a\u5168\u79d10.4%\/\u4e13\u79d1-0.7%
\u85aa\u8d44\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u9884\u7b97\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u4ed8<\/td>		\/<\/td>\u9664\u4e2a\u4eba\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4ece\u4e1a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u8865\u52a9<\/td><\/tr>
\u65b0\u52a0\u5761<\/strong>[16]<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\u5de5\u8d44\u5236<\/td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5360\u6bd4>70%<\/td>\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a\u5168\u79d12.3\u500d\/\u4e13\u79d13.6\u500d<\/td>\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4fdd\u5065\u96c6\u56e2\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u85aa\u916c\u5236\u5ea6<\/td>\u5de5\u8d44\uff1a\u5e74\u8d44\u3001\u7ea7\u522b\u3001\u804c\u4f4d\u7b49\uff1b\u7ee9\u6548\uff1a\u60a3\u8005\u6ee1\u610f\u5ea6\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ed3\u5c40\u3001\u673a\u6784\u76ee\u6807<\/td><\/tr>
\u6cf0\u56fd<\/strong>[12,38]<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\u516c\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff1a\u5de5\u8d44\uff1b\u79c1\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff1a\u4fdd\u969c+\u7ee9\u6548<\/td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\u7565\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\uff1a\u7ea61.4\u500d<\/td>\/<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
\u5df4\u897f<\/strong>[13,18,39]<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\u5de5\u8d44\u5236<\/td>\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e3b<\/td>\u533b\u751f\u85aa\u916c\uff1a3-4\u500d<\/td>\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a<\/td>\u5730\u533a\u8865\u8d34<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> \u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d44\u662f\u6307\u300a2021\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e74\u9274\u300b\u4e2d\u57ce\u9547\u975e\u79c1\u8425\u5355\u4f4d\u5c31\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4e3a97397\u5143\uff1b\u4e0e\u793e\u5e73\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u6bd4\u503c=\u5168\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u751f\u5e73\u5747\u85aa\u916c\/\u57ce\u9547\u975e\u79c1\u8425\u5355\u4f4d\u5c31\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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